This may be shocking to some readers, but the Bible has been translated into Arabic. In fact, if you open your Bible right now and perus...
This may be shocking to some readers, but the Bible has been translated
into Arabic. In fact, if you open your Bible right now and peruse
through all of the translations of John 3:16, “Allah” is the word used
to refer to God in the Arabic version right at the top of your page.
Therein lies the problem with the clash of civilizations that extremists
of all sorts seek: There are many elements in the opposing civilization
that are also part of yours.
The hate machine however depends on making people and concepts as
foreign as possible for the sake of demonizing them. This brings us to
the discussion of the big scary J word. At a lecture at Tulane
University a decade ago, I asked the audience what they thought jihad
means.
One woman shouted out at the top of her lungs, “Death And Destruction!”
Her answer might be what many Americans have been led to believe about
this word.
Muslim Americans often find themselves in an impossible place.
Islamophobes define and impose their definitions of Islamic terms, such
as jihad, in ways that are inauthentic and violent, and then demand that
Muslims reject the terms and texts as they have portrayed them, or risk
being deemed extremists for clarifying their meanings. The latest
example of this is the controversy surrounding ’Linda Sarsours usage of
the word to define opposition to Donald Trump in accordance with the
saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him): “The greatest jihad
is a word of truth spoken in the face of a tyrant.” Of course right wing
pundits quickly pounced on the opportunity to not only demonize Linda,
but the forbidden word that she dared to invoke. It’s too late to rescue
the true meaning of the word now, they insist. But if we’re going to
ask Muslims to remove jihad from their dictionary, what about Arab
Christians who read the Bible in Arabic?
In 1 Peter 4:18, the word jahada, the root of jihad, is used to describe
one’s internal struggle. It reads, “If it is a jihad (struggle) for the
righteous to be saved, what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?
In both I Timothy and II Timothy, we find two references to jihad in the
Arabic Bible: “I have fought the good jihad (fight), I have finished
the race, I have kept the faith.” (II Timothy 4:7)
“Fight the good jihad (fight) of the faith. Take hold of the eternal
life to which you were called when you made your good confession in the
presence of many witnesses.” (I Timothy 6:12)
The fact of the matter is that Muslims use the term jihad similarly to
how Christians use the term crusade. The Christian term can mean
anything from a spiritual mission to evangelism to politics to military
action, depending on context and the individual understanding of the
person who uses it. Cru, or Campus Crusade for Christ, was founded in
1951 on the UCLA campus to “launch spiritual movements.” The evangelist
Billy Graham led over 400 “crusades” throughout the world, by which he
meant non-violent missionary activities. (Unlike his wayward son,
Franklin, Billy Graham had a softer position vis-à-vis Muslims.) The
late right-wing Congressman Alan Nunnelee characterized his political
activities as “a crusade to save America.”
And last but not least, President George W. Bush clearly used the term
militarily when he referred to his war on Iraq. To characterize
Sarsour’s clear use of the word jihadin a political context as a call to
violence would be as misleading as saying all Christian uses of the
term crusade are about violence.
In normal everyday usage, a jihad doesn’t mean killing Christians and a
crusade doesn’t mean killing Muslims, even though extremists in our
respective traditions may twist those terms that way for their own
selfish ends.
Do terrorists and war mongers have scriptural justification for their
actions in the Quran or the Bible? Either book could be read and
interpreted in a way that justifies violence, but that’s true for pretty
much any sacred book, religion, or philosophy. Violent interpretations
say more about the reader than they do about the text itself. A violent
person will find violence no matter what the words really intend, like
one who “by peace shall destroy many.” But is the Quran a particularly
violent scripture? This study here actually shows the Quran to contain
fewer verses of violence than both the Old and New Testaments.
It would be far more helpful to focus on the sociological root causes of
terror and violence, rather than let the extremists find validation in
their unholy interpretations of scripture by affirming their ownership
of terms like jihad.
Imam Omar Suleiman is the Founder and President of the Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research.
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